🌍 History of Linux
🐧 What is Linux?
🚀 Basic Linux Commands
- File Commands
- Directory Commands

🌍 History of Linux

Early 1990s: A guy named Linus Torvalds creates a basic computer program (kernel) as a hobby. He shares it with others.
1991: Linus releases the first version of his program called "Linux." It's like a heart for a computer, but it needs more parts to work well.
1990s-2000s: Many people join Linus and add those missing parts (software). They create different versions (distributions) of Linux, like Ubuntu and Red Hat.
2000s: Linux becomes popular for servers and later for smartphones (Android is based on Linux).
Today: Linux is everywhere – from your phone and computer to big servers and even space missions. People keep improving it together.

🐧 What is Linux?

Linux is the core of many operating systems. It's open-source, meaning anyone can see, change, and share its code. Imagine it as a super customizable, reliable engine that powers servers, desktops, and even smartphones.

Why is Linux awesome?

Stable: Rarely crashes.
Secure: Hard to hack.
Flexible: Customize it to your liking.

In a nutshell, Linux gives you control and reliability. 🛠️

Key Parts of Linux:

Applications: Tools like web browsers and games.
Shell: A translator that executes your commands. Bash is a popular one.
Kernel: The brain managing resources.
Hardware: Physical components like the hard drive and CPU.

🚀 Basic Linux Commands

File Commands:

Create a New File:
```
  touch filename
```
Example: touch myfile.txt
Copy a File:
```
  cp source file destination
```
Example: cp file1.txt /path/to/destination
Move/Rename a File:
```
  mv oldfilename newfilename
```
Example: mv oldfile.txt newfile.txt
Remove/Delete a File:
```
  rm filename
```
Example: rm unwantedfile.txt
View Contents of a File:
```
  cat filename
```
Example: cat myfile.txt
Edit a File:
```
  nano filename
```
Example: nano myfile.txt

Directory Commands:

Create a New Directory:
```
  mkdir directoryname
```
Example: mkdir mydirectory
Navigate to a Directory:
```
  cd directoryname
```
Example: cd mydirectory
List Files and Directories:
```
  ls
```
Example: ls
List All Files and Directories (Including Hidden):
```
  ls -a
```
Example: ls -a
Copy a Directory and its Contents:
```
  cp -r sourcedirectory destination
```
Example: cp -r dir1 /path/to/destination
Move/Rename a Directory:
```
  mv olddirectory newdirectory
```
Example: mv olddir newdir
Remove/Delete an Empty Directory:
```
  rmdir directoryname
```
Example: rmdir emptydir
Remove/Delete a Directory and its Contents:
```
  rm -r directoryname
```
Example: rm -r unwanteddir

Check Your Present Working Directory:

The pwd command allows you to identify the current directory you are working in. Simply type pwd and press Enter to display the full path.
```
  $ pwd
  /home/username/documents
```
List All Files and Directories (Including Hidden Ones):

To list all files and directories in your current location, use the ls command. Adding the -a flag displays hidden files as well.
```
  $ ls -a
  .  ..  file1.txt  file2.txt  .hidden_directory
```
The . and .. entries represent the current and parent directories, respectively.
Create a Nested Directory:

Building a nested directory structure is straightforward with the mkdir command. For example, to create a nested directory path A/B/C/D/E, use the following command:
```
  $ mkdir -p A/B/C/D/E
```
The -p flag ensures that parent directories are created if they don't exist.

Happy Learning 😊!

Day 2: Introduction to Linux & Basic Commands

Table of Contents